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• SCYTHIA CIV 6 WIKI PORTABLE

Akkadian: 𒅖𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀 Iškuzaya and 𒊍𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀 Askuzaya, used by the Assyrians.From this were descended the following exonyms: įrom the Indo-European root (s)kewd-, meaning "propel, shoot" (cognate with English shoot), of which *skud- is the zero-grade form, was descended the Scythians' self-name reconstructed by Szemerényi as * Skuδa (roughly "archer"). Linguist Oswald Szemerényi studied synonyms of various origins for Scythian and differentiated the following terms: Skuthes Σκύθης, Skudra 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼, Sugᵘda 𐎿𐎢𐎦𐎢𐎭 and Saka. Scythian vessel from Voronezh, 4th century BCE. The scientific study of the Scythians is called Scythology. Early authors continued to use the term "Scythian", applying it to many groups unrelated to the original Scythians, such as Huns, Goths, Turkic peoples, Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and other unnamed nomads. The name of the Scythians survived in the region of Scythia. These objects survive mainly in metal, forming a distinctive Scythian art.

SCYTHIA CIV 6 WIKI PORTABLE

Settled metalworkers made portable decorative objects for the Scythians, forming a history of Scythian metalworking. The Scythians played an important part in the Silk Road, a vast trade network connecting Greece, Persia, India and China, perhaps contributing to the prosperity of those civilisations. The Scythians were instrumental in the ethnogenesis of the Ossetians, who are believed to be descended from the Alans. By the early Middle Ages, the Scythians and the Sarmatians had been largely assimilated and absorbed by early Slavs. By the 3rd century AD, the Sarmatians and last remnants of the Scythians were dominated by the Alans, and were being overwhelmed by the Goths. By this time they had been largely Hellenized. In the late 2nd century BC, their capital at Scythian Neapolis in the Crimea was captured by Mithridates VI and their territories incorporated into the Bosporan Kingdom. The Scythians subsequently engaged in frequent conflicts with the Achaemenid Empire, and suffered a major defeat against Macedonia in the 4th century BC and were subsequently gradually conquered by the Sarmatians, a related Iranian people living to their west. After losing control over Media, they continued intervening in Middle Eastern affairs, playing a leading role in the destruction of the Assyrian Empire in the Sack of Nineveh in 612 BC. Around 650–630 BC, Scythians briefly dominated the Medes of the western Iranian Plateau, stretching their power to the borders of Egypt. In the 7th century BC, the Scythians crossed the Caucasus and frequently raided the Middle East along with the Cimmerians, playing an important role in the political developments of the region. Based in what is modern-day Ukraine and southern Russia, they called themselves Scoloti ( Ancient Greek: Σκώλοτοι Skṓlotoi) and were led by a nomadic warrior aristocracy known as the Royal Scythians. During this time they and related peoples came to dominate the entire Eurasian Steppe from the Carpathian Mountains in the west to Ordos Plateau in the east, creating what has been called the first Central Asian nomadic empire. Among the earliest peoples to master mounted warfare, the Scythians replaced the Cimmerians as the dominant power on the Pontic steppe in the 8th century BC. The Scythians are generally believed to have been of Iranian origin they spoke a language of the Scythian branch of the Iranian languages, and practiced a variant of ancient Iranian religion. Eastern members of the Scythian cultures are often specifically designated as Sakas.

According to Di Cosmo, other terms such as "Early nomadic" would be preferable. In a broader sense, Scythians has also been used to designate all early Eurasian nomads, although the validity of such terminology is controversial. They were part of the wider Scythian cultures, stretching across the Eurasian Steppe. They can also be referred to as Pontic Scythians. Classical Scythians dominated the Pontic steppe from approximately the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.

The Scythians (from Ancient Greek: Σκύθης Skúthēs, Σκύθοι Skúthoi) or Scyths, also known as Saka and Sakae ( Old Persian: 𐎿𐎣𐎠 Sakā Ancient Egyptian: 𓋴𓎝𓎡 𓈉, romanized: sk, 𓐠𓎼 𓈉 sꜣg Ancient Greek: Σάκαι Sákai Latin: Sacae), and Ishkuzai ( Akkadian: 𒅖𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀 Iškuzaya ) or Askuzai ( Akkadian: 𒌷𒊍𒄖𒍝𒀀𒀀 Asguzaya, 𒆳𒊍𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀 mat Askuzaya, 𒆳𒀾𒄖𒍝𒀀𒀀 mat Ášguzaya ), were an ancient nomadic people living primarily in the region known as Scythia, which today comprises the Eurasian steppes of Kazakhstan, the Russian steppes of the Siberian, Ural, Volga and Southern regions, and eastern Ukraine.